技术进步与犯罪率下降

The response addresses the task directly with a clear, sustained position that is developed through relevant explanation and concrete examples, though the counterargument is acknowledged rather than fully analysed.

The argument progresses logically from deterrence to investigation, cybercrime and a conclusion, with clear linking devices. Single line breaks mark the main units, but inconsistent formatting also splits the not-only/but-also sentence.

A sufficiently wide range of topic-appropriate vocabulary is used with some precision and flexibility, including natural collocations, though occasional phrases are slightly formulaic.

A good range of complex structures, including relative and concessive clauses, is used with generally strong accuracy. Repeated spaces before commas and full stops are minor presentation errors that do not impede meaning.

The position is clear in the introduction and conclusion. One body paragraph rebuts a counterargument and the other supports technological policing and household protection, although claims about offenders’ skills and the impact of a skilled minority need fuller support.

Ideas progress logically across paragraphs with effective use of cohesive devices and referencing, producing a generally smooth and coherent argument.

Vocabulary is flexible and precise, with idiomatic phrases such as 'game-changer' and 'tip the balance', showing good awareness of style and collocation.

A wide range of structures is used with generally good control, although occasional errors such as 'allowing to deter' and minor article slips appear without impeding meaning.

The response maintains disagreement and develops relevant arguments about social causes and criminal adaptation. However, it rejects a significant or guaranteed decline rather than fully addressing a likely decline, and the examples do not establish the net effect on overall crime rates.

The introduction, social-causes discussion, criminal-adaptation discussion and conclusion form a clear sequence. Explicit transitions guide the reader, although the two consecutive “While technology” openings are repetitive and “Another point to consider is that” delays the main claim.

The response uses varied, relevant vocabulary, including “surveillance”, “inequality” and “circumvent”. Some expression is unnecessarily dense, especially “the persistence of social factors as root causes”, but the central ideas remain clear.

Complex sentences show generally good control, including concessive clauses with “while”, a condition with “unless” and a relative clause in “factors that lead to crime”. The example beginning “such as using encryption” could attach more clearly to the act of exploiting technology.

The disagreement becomes explicit in the third paragraph and is maintained in the conclusion. Relevant cybercrime examples support it, but the argument needs to address a likely decline, not only an inevitable one, and explain the net effect on crime rates.

Ideas progress logically across clearly staged paragraphs with effective cohesive devices, although transitions occasionally lean on formulaic connectors.

Vocabulary is flexible and precise, with natural collocations like 'forensic techniques' and 'malicious purposes', and only rare, non-impeding lapses.

Complex concessive, relative and causal clauses show a wide grammatical range and strong control. The long sentence about developed nations could make its final reference clearer.

The essay states partial agreement and develops relevant benefits and risks through examples of surveillance, forensic tools and cybercrime. The conclusion is compatible with that stance, but does not clearly resolve whether total crime will decline or explain how the competing effects balance.

Paragraphing is logical and progression is easy to follow, though some cohesive devices are used mechanically, such as the contrastive link introducing the crime-solving paragraph.

Vocabulary is wide, precise, and natural throughout, with sophisticated topic-specific items like predictive policing, biometric security, and ransomware used accurately.

The response uses a full range of complex structures, including relative clauses, concession, and parallel constructions, with rare minor errors that do not impede meaning.

The response gives a qualified position and develops relevant benefits and limitations of crime-fighting technology. It predicts lower overall crime in the conclusion, but some links from investigation to crime reduction remain implicit, and the focus on eliminating crime goes beyond the question.

Ideas are organized in clear paragraphs with logical progression, and cohesive devices such as 'in particular,' 'nevertheless,' and 'consequently' are used naturally and flexibly throughout.

Vocabulary is wide and generally precise, including “digital footprints”, “anonymous online networks” and “unequal implementation”. Occasional weaknesses include “conduct fraud” and the shared preposition in “footprints left on ... bank transactions”.

A wide range of complex structures, including concession clauses, participle phrases, and relative clauses, is used with flexibility and accuracy, with only rare minor slips that do not affect communication.

The essay takes a qualified position in favour of technology reducing crime and develops a surveillance argument. However, the counterargument chiefly addresses elimination rather than reduction, and the claims of near-certain arrest and negligible crime lack adequate support.

The concession, surveillance argument and conclusion form a clear progression, with effective referencing and connectors. Some references could be more precise, notably the opening agreement with easier law enforcement rather than an explicit prediction about crime rates.

Vocabulary is varied and generally precise, including “ubiquitous surveillance” and “dictates of society”. “Crime statistics” is less precise than “crime rates” for the quantity being described as negligible.

A wide range of complex structures is used with strong control, including effective conditionals, relative clauses, and concession, with rare minor errors that do not impede meaning.