The position is broadly clear and supported by relevant examples of research costs and benefits. The defence of well-targeted research could answer the claim about much research more directly, and the distinction between waste and delayed value needs fuller explanation.
8.0Paragraphing is logical and cohesive devices are used skilfully throughout, though the progression is at times formulaic with predictable sequencing of first, second, and conclusion markers.
7.0A wide range of precise, topic-appropriate vocabulary is used naturally, including terms such as misallocation, dissemination, and instrumental, with only minor lapses in word choice.
8.0A wide range of complex structures is handled flexibly and accurately, with effective use of concession, subordination, and varied sentence patterns and very few errors.
8.0